Brick-wall construction



E. M.IWYATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 sheets-sheet1 July 1, 1930.

July 1, 1930.

E. M. w rATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet2 fi/ H July 1, 1930.

E. M. WYATT 4 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet July 1, 1930. E. M. WYATT BRICK WALLCONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 July I; 1930. E. M. WYATT BRICK WALLCONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented July 1, 193GNITED STATES PATENTPOFFICE EDWIN M. WYATT, OF MADISON, WISCONSIN,ASSIGNOR TO C. F. BURGESS LABORA- TORIES, INC., 0F MADISON, WISCONSIN,A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE BRICK-WALL CONSTRUCTION Application filedSeptember i4f1928. SerialNo. 305,895.

This invention relates to a brick wall construction.

Heretofore brick walls have been of three general types, namely: solidbrick, hollow brick, and brick veneer.

The solid brick wall is as its name signifies made solid of brick,except for themortar used to bed and bond the individual bricks.

The hollow wall is built double with an intervening brick-saving'void orspace between, crossed by suitable metal or brick ties that serve tohold the two unit parts of the structure together.

The brick veneer is a structure which re duces the requisite brick bysubstituting for the inner portion of the double wall a struc ture ofother material than brick,-usually a framework of w0odwhich.leaves butan exterior layer of brick.

The wall of the present invention is designed to embody the followingfeatures and advantages: It requires less brick than solid or hollowwalls. Using substantially the number of bricks as the economical brickveneer wall, it requires no inner construction of wood vor materialother than brick. By reason of the small amount of expensive brick andthe labor employed in erecting it, it is economical in cost.

While the wall of the present invention is susceptible of a number ofvariations to meet special conditions,' the special reinforcing featuresof the present wall are so designed as to harmonize with and conform tothe standard conditions ordinarily observed in the laying of brick incourses, sothat the reinforcing elements, which take the form ofinterior pilasters, can be built behind and interlocked or bonded withthe front facing in such a way as to not disturb the course arrangementof the facing bricks. That is to say, the invention is one which adaptsitself to methods commonly observed in the laying of-bricks in courses,and at the same time makes provision for adequate reinforcement of afront wall of sin lethickness without necessitating the use of ricks ofs ecial sizes and without the need for employing special means forsecuring the reinforcing pilasters to the wall courses.

The arrangement furthermore is one which permits various modificationsin the course arrangement of the wall, and permits the use of bricks ofstandard formation throughout, both in the wall and pilasterconstruction, although to meet special requirements it is sometimesdesirable to employ half bricks of bats in a manner which will beparticularly pointed out hereafter.

The invention also makes adequate provision for the attachment of metalor wooden lathe to the wall structure, with the provision of interveningdead air spaces, so that adequate insulation against heat and cold isprovided for.

Further objects and details of the invention will appear from thedescription thereof, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,wherein,-

.Figure 1 is a perspective view of the rear portion of a brick wall,showing the pilaster headers extending from Flemish courses with threestretcher courses intervening and metal lathing attached to thepilasters;

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing wooden lathing attached to thepilasters;

Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the provision made for pilasters ofgreater depth than standard;

Fig. 4 is a view illustrating two methods by which pilasters can bespaced to meet special structural requirements in pilasters where theydo not come in accord with the regular rhythm of the brick-work;

Fig. 5 is a view showing the pilaster in a wall face which employs bullstretcher intervening courses;

Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the substitution of a bat for a fullsoldier brick where thewall face is built up of alternate Flemish .andbull stretcher courses;

F ig. 7 is a view illustrating the method of securing wall-board to theinterior of the wall in lieu of lathe and plaster;

Fig. 8 is a view illustrating the employment of a filter between thepilasters, such as concrete or some insulating material like cellular yFig. 9 is a view illustrating the method of ers of the presentinvention, the various courses being named for the purpose of clarity,and the position of the pilasters being indicated in dotted lines.

In building the reinforcing pilasters of the present invention,advantage is taken of the fact that the dimensions of standard brick aresuch as to permit the pilasters to be built behind the wall facing andto conform to the rhythm of the wall structure, which is of greatimportance, in that it obviates the necessity for special means forincorporating the reinforcing pilasters into the wall structure.

Each pilaster comprises alternate headers built into and protrudinginwardly from the wall facing, in conjunction with vertically disposedsoldier bricks which fit between and are bonded with the headers, sothat a continuous reinforcing pilaster is provided which is recurrentlybonded into or integrated to the wall itself.

The length of a standard brick is substantially equal to twice its widthand slightly more than three times its thickness, and in view of thiscircumstance a single vertically dis osed soldier brick will span threecourses of rick laid flatwise pr in running stretcher courses withmortar oints, or will s an two courses with the bricks standing on e geor in the formation known as bull stretcher courses. It is evident,therefore, that the present invention lends itself equally to wallconstructions in which the intervening courses comprise either threelayers of brick laid flatwise, or two layers of brick laid ed ewise.

The headers, in order to aifor adequate protrusion from the rear face ofthe wall, must be laid crosswise thereof, and present their butt ends tothe outer wall surface, and where the headers are alternated with brickslaid flatwise in the usual manner, the header courses of the style knownas Flemish courses will recurrentl present themselves in the face of thewal with two or three intervening stretcher courses between the headers.

Other variants of this principal idea will be described in detail.

Referring to Fi re 1, the structure com-' prises three stretc er courses20, with the bricks laid flatwise and bonded by the usual mortar joints.Above and below the group of stretcher courses are bonding courses 21,which as shown are of the style known as Flemish courses, with thealternate bricks 22 extending crosswise of the wall structure andprotruding the width of a brick to the rear and in vertical alignmentwith one another.

The pilasters are completed by the insertion of bricks 23 standing onend as soldiers and bonded into position between the headers so that apilaster is provided which anchors and reinforces the face of the walland afiords a maximum depth equal to the length of a brick or equal to adouble course solid brick wall.

Fig. 1 also shows a number of isolated headers 24 which are not builtinto complete pilasters but which assist as a backing for metal lathe25, or other interior wall finish. As shown, the soldier bricks andisolated header bricks are provided with holes 26 for j course bricks 33resting alternately upon theheaders 22 and 24. Of course, whereadditional reinforcement is required, the isolated headers may betransformed into pilasters by the insertion of vertically disposedsoldier bricks, the invention readily lending itself to any desiredspacing of the pilasters which may be closely spaced at distances equalonly to the length of a single brick, or at spaces representingmultiples thereof.

The wall of Fig. 2 is similar to that heretofore described, but in thisinstance vertical furring strips 34 are secured by wire ties 35 to thepilasters or to the rows of isolated headers, or both, which furringstrips serve for the nailing of lath 36 which provides a backing for aplaster coat 37.

Fig. 3 at the left illustrates a variation in the positioning of thesoldier bricks as constituents of the pilaster, from which it will beobserved that the upper soldier brick presents its side in parallelrelation to the wall and in spaced relation therefrom, while the lowersoldier brick presents its edge in closely abutting relation to thewall.

The spaced arrangement of the upper soldier brick affords a method ofproviding continuous interior wall passages where desired,

or for anchoring a cement or'similar filler into the brick-work of thewall.

In the case of the middle pilasters shown in Fig. 3, the headers areextended inwardly to a greater than normal distance, and a bat 38 isprovided to afford the exterior surface-finish for the wall. A stillgreater protrusion of the headers is indicated at the right of Fig. 3,in which case the inner end of each header is extended by the bonding ofa bat 39. In this instance, the soldier brick will be positioned tobreak joints with the bond between the header and the but so as toreinforce the former against. dislodgment.

various spacing arrangements with respect.

thereto. As shown, the soldier bricks may be arranged in pairs, ifdesired, which, of

course, provides for additional reinforcement to meet special structuralrequirements, or to afford a greater thickness of wall if desired.

In Fig. 6, in lieu of the full sized soldier bricks, a bat 40 isemployed which'is interposed between closely spaced headers in casesWhere the bonding courses alternate with a siingle bull course of thebricks standing on e ge.

In Fig. 4, another variant is shown, which, however, is not in harmonywith the rhythm of the wall.structure. In this case, wedge- I shaped batheaders 41 may be inserted into notches 42 in the wall course formed bybeveling off the rear inner corner of the contiguous course bricks; or,in lieu of this arrangement, full sized header bricks 43 may be employedin conjunction with half facing bricks 44 supplemented by quarterfilling brick bats 45 to afford bonding headers for the pilasters at 10-cations that for structural reasons cannot be located in conformity withthe normal rhythm of the wall.

Figure 5 shows an arrangement where the I intervening courses are of thebull stretcher type.

In Fig. .7, furring strips 46 are secured to that the arrangement of thesoldier bricks in the pilasters is such as to afford a space 50 for theinflowing and anchoring of the ocment filler, so that the framework andcement of the wall will be completely interlocked and bonded togetherthroughout.

Fig. 9 shows a means for securing a form board 51, which is held inplace by clamping bars 52,'which in turn are secured to'the pilaster bythe provision of clamps 53 entered throu h the bars 52. Screw handles 54enable the. bars to be tightly clamped against the form boards.

Fig. 10, which illustrates Flemish bonding courses with threeintervening stretcher courses, clearly indicates the space arrangementof the pilasters, which may be spaced apart the length of a single brickor multiple thereof.

Fig. 11 illustrates a wall laid to present a Flemish garden wall bondconstruction. Full headers are used in those courses bond- In Fig. 14,two bull stretcher courses are shown between theheader courses, whicheffects a saving of brick'with a corresponding thinning of the wall inthe areas intervening between the bonding courses.

n Fig.v 15, all Flemish courses are shown, which necessitates the use ofbats in cases where the inward protrusion of intervening brick wouldinterfere with the building up of the pilasters.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the invention is one whichreadily lends itself to numerous variations, althoughwhere specialstructural requirements do not interfere it is desirable to arrange thepilasters in such a way that they will not interfere with the rhythm ofthe wall construction or necessitate the use of half bricks or bats toany considerable extent. The use of Flemish courses as the bondingcourses conforms admirably to this requirement, since the header brickswill normally stand in vertical alinement and will in all instancesbreak joints with the bricks of the intervening stretcher courses,whether three intervening stretcher courses or two intervening bullcourses are employed. This arrangement, therefore obviates the necessityfor cutting any of the bricks in the wall structure and enables thepilasters to be built up easily and rapidly as the courses are laid andthe building operation progresses in the normal manner.

The invention is one which meets the requirements of economical buildingconstruction and affords an exterior brick surface conformable tostandard styles and requirements with the use of a minimum amount ofbrick and without sacrificing of strength, since the verticaldisposition of the soldier bricks in the pilasters tends effectively totie the courses together by vertical cross bonds which are firmly bondedinto the header bricks constituting an integral portion of the wallstructure.

I claim:

1. In a brick wall construction, the combinationof bonding courseshaving'as constituents thereof, stretcher bricks with intervening fiatlaid header bricks inwardly protruding, soldier bricks inter osedbetween the inwardly protruding hea er bricks to constitutelongitudinally separated vertical pilasters, and sufficient interveningstretcher courses to space the bonding courses a distance substantiallyequal to the height of the soldier bricks.

2. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courseshaving as con stituents thereof, stretcher bricks with intervening flatlaid header bricks recurrently laid to present their ends exteriorly andto project inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks, each in verticalalignment with bricks similarly projecting from other bonding courses,intervening stretcher courses, Vertical soldier bricks interposedbetween all of the header bricks in certain columns and having a sideflush with the ends thereof forming longitudinally separated verticalpilasters, and an interiorwall construction abutting against andconnected to the pilasters and the ends of the disconnected headerbricks whereby the disconnected header bricks provide spacing andsupporting means for said interior wall.

3. In abrick wall construction composed entirely of bricks of standarduniform size, a plurality of bonding courses in spaced relation to oneanother and interspersed by stretcher courses, the bonding coursescomprising stretcher bricks laid parallel with the wall structure, andintervening bricks laid flat in transverse relation thereto, to provideinwardly projecting headers in vertical alignment, and bricks set on endas soldiers and incorporated between certain of the vertically alignedheaders and standing behind and spaced away from the intervening coursesand bonded to contiguous header bricks to provide pilasters, and aplastic filler filling the spaces betweenthe inner face of the pilestersand the main structure of the wall.

4. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courses andintervening stretcher courses, said bonding courses comprising flatheader and stretcher bricks recurrently laid, the header bricksprojecting inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks and the projectingportion of each header brick being in vertical alignment with similarlyprojecting bricks of other bonding courses, and soldier bricks extendingvertically between the projecting header bricks and having their outersurfaces flush with the ends of the header bricks, whereby a space isformed between the inner faces of the soldier bricks and the opposedfaces of the bricks of the intervening stretcher courses.

5. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courses andintervening stretcher courses, said bonding coursescomprising flatheader and stretcher bricks re-- currently laid, the header bricksprojecting inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks and the projectingportion of each header brick being in vertical alignment with similarlyprojecting bricks of other bonding courses, soldier bricks extendingvertically August, 1928.

EDIVIN M. WYATT.

